GoOgLe

Due to gradual depletion of world petroleum reserves and the impact of environmental pollution of increasing exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need o develop alternative energy resources, such as biodiesel fuel. Vegetable oil is a promising alternative because it has several advantage, it is renewable, environ-friendly and produced easily in rural areas, where there is an acute need for modern forms of energy. Therefore, in recent years systematic efforts have been made by several research workers to use vegetable oils as fuel in engines as biodiesel. Furthermore, vegetable oil-based products hold great potential for stimulating rural economic development because farmers would benefit from increased demand for vegetable oils. Different vegetable oils, including palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and canola oil have been used to produce biodiesel fuel and lubricants.

Biodiesel, monoalkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, is known as a clean and renewable fuel. Biodiesel is usually produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with methanol or ethanol . Among the many advantages of biodiesel fuel include the following: safe for use in all conventional diesel engines, offers the same performance and engine durability as petroleum diesel fuel, non-flammable and nontoxic, reduces tailpipe emissions,visible smoke and noxious fumes and odors. The use of biodiesel has grown dramatically during the last few years. Feedstock costs account for a large percent of the direct biodiesel production costs, including capital cost and return (Bozbas, 2005).

One way of reducing the biodiesel production costs is to use the less expensive feedstock containing fatty acids such as inedible oils, animal fats, waste food oil and by products of the refining vegetables oils (Veljkovic´ et al., 2006). The availability and sustainability of sufficient supplies of less expensive feedstock will be a crucial determinant delivering a competitive biodiesel to the commercials filling stations. Fortunately, inedible vegetable oils,mostly produced by seed-bearing trees and shrubs can provide an alternative. With no competing food uses, this characteristic turns attention to Jatropha curcas, which grows in tropical and subtropical climates across the developing world.

The fact that Jatropha oil can not be used for nutritional purposes without detoxification makes its use as energy/fuel source very attractive as biodiesel. In Madagascar, Cape Verde and Benin, Jatropha oil was used as mineral diesel substitute during the Second World War. Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) is a multipurpose bush/small tree belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae. It is a plant with many attributes, multiple uses and considerable potential. The plant can be used to prevent and/or control erosion, to reclaim land, grown as a live fence, especially to contain or exclude farm animals and be planted as a commercial crop. It is a native of tropical America, but now thrives in many parts of the tropics and sub-tropics in Africa/Asia.
The wood and fruit of Jatropha can be used for numerous purposes including fuel. The seeds of Jatropha contain viscous oil, which can be used for manufacture of candles and soap, in cosmetics industry, as a diesel/paraffin substitute or extender. This latter use has important implications for meeting the demand for rural energy services and also exploring practical substitutes for fossil fuels to counter greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere. These characteristics along with its versatility make it of vital importance to developing countries. In view of these, the present research was designed to study the psycho-chemical properties including the fatty acids and TAGs composition of jatropha oil seed from Malaysia.

The major fatty acids in Jatropha seed oil is the oleic, linoleic, palmitic and the stearic. The most prominent TAGs of jatropha seed oil is OLL and OOL. The oil exhibited good physicochemical properties and could be useful as biodiesel feedstock and industrial application. Feedstock costs account for a large percent of the direct biodiesel production costs, including capital cost and return. The way of reducing the biodiesel production costs is to use the less expensive feedstock containing fatty acids such as inedible oils, animal fats, waste food oil and by products of the refining vegetables oils. With no competing food uses, this characteristic turns attention to Jatropha curcas, which grows in tropical and subtropical climates across the developing world.



More information:

biodieselukm.com

www.jarakpagar.com